The following general aspects should be considered:

• An individualized, patient-centered approach for the diagnosis and treatment of pain is essential to establish a therapeutic alliance between patient and clinician.
• Consider patient variables that may affect opioid dose for each patient prior to opioid use¹
• In patients with acute pain e.g. post-surgery pain, the use of medication should be for the shortest necessary time¹.
  All patients should be carefully selected, abuse risk factors evaluated and regular monitoring and follow-up implemented to ensure that opioids are used appropriately^3-4 and in alignment with treatment goals (pain intensity and functionality) as agreed with the patient^3-4
• Patients should be made aware of the potential side effects of opioids and the potential for developing tolerance, dependence and addiction^3-4.
• It is important to optimally use multimodal, non-opioid approaches in acute and chronic pain before escalating to opioids or in conjunction with opioid therapy¹
• Addiction is possible even when opioids are taken as directed. The exact prevalence of abuse in patients treated with opioids for chronic pain is difficult to determine⁵
• Regular clinical reviews are required for long-term opioid treatment to assess pain control, impact on lifestyle, physical and psychological well-being, side effects and continued need for treatment²
• Any long term treatment with opioids should be monitored and re-evaluated regular incl. tapering down the dose or discontinuing treatment^3-4
• Signs of opioid use disorder should be monitored and addressed^3-4
• Patients and the general public can benefit from clear educational materials and awareness interventions to support the responsible use of opioids⁶.